class 8 chapter 2


a) Check B5 cell mark; if below 75, show “Denied”
Use the IF function
=IF(B5<75,"Denied","Allowed")

b) You have daily temperature readings for a month and want the average
Use the AVERAGE function
=AVERAGE(A1:A30)

c) Sales tax is always 8% of the price and must remain constant when dragging the formula
Use Absolute Cell Reference with $
If 8% is in cell C1:
=A1*$C$1

d) Determine the lowest price offer for a particular item from various sellers
Use the MIN function
=MIN(B1:B10)

e) Need to combine F2 cell “Anima” and G2 cell “Report” in one cell
Use the CONCATENATE function (or &)
=F2&" "&G2

1) Rules of using Functions in MS Excel

  • Every function starts with = (equal sign).

  • The function name is written after = (e.g., SUM, AVERAGE).

  • Arguments are written inside brackets ( ).

  • Cell ranges are written with a colon ( : ) (e.g., A1:A10).

  • Multiple arguments are separated by a comma ( , ).

  • Example: =SUM(A1:A10)

2) Difference between Formula and Function

FormulaFunction
A formula is a calculation written by the user.A function is a built-in formula in Excel.
Can use numbers, cell references, and operators.Uses a predefined name like SUM, MIN, MAX.
Example: =A1+A2Example: =SUM(A1:A2)

3) What is Cell Referencing? Why is it important in a spreadsheet?

  • Cell referencing means using the address of a cell (like A1, B2) in a formula.

  • It is important because:

    • It saves time when copying formulas.

    • It updates results automatically when values change.

    • It helps in accurate calculations across the sheet.

4) Difference between COUNT and MIN Function

COUNTMIN
Counts the number of cells that contain numbers.Finds the smallest number in a range.
Example: =COUNT(A1:A10)Example: =MIN(A1:A10)

5) List of Common Errors in Excel

  • #DIV/0! – Dividing by zero

  • #NAME? – Wrong function name

  • #VALUE! – Wrong type of value used

  • #REF! – Invalid cell reference

  • #NUM! – Invalid number

  • #N/A – Value not available

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