class 8 computer chapter 5

1. What is Data?

👉 Definition: Data is raw facts and figures which by itself may not have meaning.

✅ Example:

• Numbers: 50, 70, 90

• Words: "Kiran", "Bhadrak"

• Date: 09-10-2025

These are just values, not yet processed.

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2. What is Information?

👉 Definition: Information is processed or organized data that gives meaning and is useful for decision-making.

✅ Example:

• Data: 50, 70, 90

• Information: “The average score of the student is 70 marks.”

Here, data is analyzed → becomes meaningful.

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3. What is a Database?

👉 Definition: A database is an organized collection of related data stored in a structured form so that it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.

✅ Example:
A Student Database:

Roll No	Name	Class	Marks
101	Riya	10	85
102	Kiran	10	78
103	Jyoti	10	92

This database stores student details systematically.

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4. What is a Relational Database?

👉 Definition: A relational database stores data in the form of tables (rows and columns), and tables can be related to each other using a key.

✅ Example:

Table 1: Students

StudentID	Name	Class
1	Riya	10
2	Kiran	10

Table 2: Marks

MarkID	StudentID	Subject	Marks
201	1	Math	85
202	2	Math	78

Here, StudentID connects both tables.
That’s why it’s called a Relational Database (like MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL).

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5. What is DBMS (Database Management System)?

👉 Definition: A DBMS is software used to create, store, organize, and manage databases.

✅ Examples:

• MySQL

• Oracle

• MS Access

• PostgreSQL

👉 Use Case Example:
In a school DBMS, teachers can:

• Add student details

• Update marks

• Search for results

• Generate reports

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✅ Summary in One Line:

• Data = raw facts (e.g., "90, 85").

• Information = processed data (e.g., "Average = 87.5").

• Database = organized collection of data (tables).

• Relational Database = database with related tables (via keys).

• DBMS = software to manage databases.